MUHAMMAD [P.B.H ]

**Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)** Prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) is revered as the final messenger of God (Allah) in Islam, chosen to deliver the Quran's divine message. Here is an overview of his life and legacy: ### **Early Life** - **Birth**: Born in Mecca (modern-day Saudi Arabia) around 570 CE into the Quraysh tribe. - **Orphaned**: His father died before his birth, and his mother passed away when he was six. Raised by his grandfather and later his uncle, Abu Talib. - **Reputation**: Known as *Al-Amin* (the Trustworthy) for his integrity as a merchant. Married Khadijah, a wealthy widow, at 25; she became his first supporter. ### **Prophethood** - **First Revelation**: At age 40, while meditating in Cave Hira, he received the first Quranic verses through Angel Jibril (Gabriel). - **Message**: Preached monotheism, social justice, and compassion, rejecting Meccan polytheism. Early followers faced persecution. ### **Hijra (Migration) to Medina** - **622 CE**: Fled Mecca for Medina to escape assassination, marking Year 1 of the Islamic calendar. - **Community Building**: Established the first Muslim community (*Ummah*), drafted the Constitution of Medina (a pluralistic pact with Jewish tribes), and served as a spiritual, political, and military leader. ### **Key Events** - **Battles**: Defended Muslims against Meccan aggression (e.g., Battle of Badr, 624 CE). - **Conquest of Mecca**: 630 CE—entered Mecca peacefully, forgave former enemies, and dismantled idols in the Kaaba. - **Farewell Sermon**: Delivered in 632 CE, emphasizing equality, women's rights, and ethical conduct. ### **Legacy** - **Quran & Sunnah**: His teachings and practices (*Sunnah*), recorded in Hadith, guide Islamic life alongside the Quran. - **Five Pillars**: Instituted core acts of worship (faith, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage). - **Global Influence**: Islam spread rapidly after his death, shaping civilizations. Muslims regard him as the "Seal of the Prophets," finalizing the Abrahamic tradition. - **Character**: Exemplified mercy, humility, and justice. Muslims honor him with phrases like *"Peace Be Upon Him"* (ﷺ) but do not worship him. ### **Misconceptions Clarified** - **Not Divine**: Muslims revere him as a human prophet, not divine. - **Interfaith Relations**: Advocated coexistence; Medina’s Constitution included Jewish tribes. Prophet Muhammad’s life remains a model for Muslims worldwide, influencing spirituality, law, and ethics in Islam.